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Problem solution · Go

Codeforces 1530D — Secret Santa

Codeforces 1530D — Secret Santa: a Go solution using direct simulation. Learn the idea, check the complexity, and read the full code, with credit to EndlessCheng Codeforces Go.

Technique
Direct simulation
Source
EndlessCheng Codeforces Go
Length
101 lines
Start with the idea.

Try the problem first. If you get stuck, read the approach below, then write your own solution. The full code is at the bottom.

Approach

Direct simulation

For Codeforces 1530D — Secret Santa, the implementation follows the problem’s operations directly while maintaining only the state needed for the next decision.

  1. Translate each rule into one explicit state update.
  2. Maintain the invariant after every processed item.
  3. Return the accumulated state once all relevant input has been handled.

Code notes

  • 101 lines of Go from the credited upstream file 1530D.go.
  • The implementation visibly relies on sequence storage.
  • No explicit loop blocks detected.

Complexity

Count the number and nesting of passes over the input, then include the maintained containers in the memory estimate.

Check the problem constraints before deciding whether this complexity will pass.

Source

Code and credit

This code comes from EndlessCheng Codeforces Go by Σndless (EndlessCheng) and is used under the MIT licence.

Open problem ↗Original source ↗
Full codeCodeforces 1530D — Secret Santa · GoGo
Use this to learn the idea, then write your own version.
package main import (	"bufio"	. "fmt"	"io") // https://space.bilibili.com/206214func cf1530D(_r io.Reader, _w io.Writer) {	in := bufio.NewReader(_r)	out := bufio.NewWriter(_w)	defer out.Flush() 	var T, n, st int	for Fscan(in, &T); T > 0; T-- {		Fscan(in, &n)		g := make([]int, n)		deg := make([]int, n)		for i := range g {			Fscan(in, &g[i])			g[i]--			deg[g[i]]++		} 		rg := make([][]int, n)		f := make([]int, n)		from := make([]int, n)		for i := range from {			from[i] = -1		}		q := []int{}		for i, d := range deg {			if d == 0 {				q = append(q, i)			}		}		for len(q) > 0 {			v := q[0]			q = q[1:]			w := g[v]			rg[w] = append(rg[w], v)			f[v]++			if f[v] > f[w] {				f[w] = f[v]				from[w] = v			}			if deg[w]--; deg[w] == 0 {				q = append(q, w)			}		} 		type path struct{ st, end int }		chain := []path{}		var rdfs func(int, bool)		rdfs = func(v int, change bool) {			if rg[v] == nil {				st = v			} else {				for _, w := range rg[v] {					if w != from[v] {						rdfs(w, true)					}				}				rdfs(from[v], false)			}			if change {				chain = append(chain, path{st, v})			}		}		for i0, d := range deg {			if d == 0 {				continue			}			ring := []int{i0}			for v := g[i0]; v != i0; v = g[v] {				deg[v] = 0				ring = append(ring, v)			}			for i, v := range ring {				if rg[v] != nil {					rdfs(v, false)					chain = append(chain, path{st, ring[(i-1+len(ring))%len(ring)]})				}			}		} 		for i, p := range chain {			g[p.end] = chain[(i+1)%len(chain)].st		} 		Fprintln(out, n-len(chain))		for _, v := range g {			Fprint(out, v+1, " ")		}		Fprintln(out)	}} //func main() { cf1530D(os.Stdin, os.Stdout) }

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