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Problem solution · Go

Codeforces 196E — Opening Portals

Codeforces 196E — Opening Portals: a Go solution using direct simulation. Learn the idea, check the complexity, and read the full code, with credit to EndlessCheng Codeforces Go.

Technique
Direct simulation
Source
EndlessCheng Codeforces Go
Length
99 lines
Start with the idea.

Try the problem first. If you get stuck, read the approach below, then write your own solution. The full code is at the bottom.

Approach

Direct simulation

For Codeforces 196E — Opening Portals, the implementation follows the problem’s operations directly while maintaining only the state needed for the next decision.

  1. Translate each rule into one explicit state update.
  2. Maintain the invariant after every processed item.
  3. Return the accumulated state once all relevant input has been handled.

Code notes

  • 99 lines of Go from the credited upstream file 196E.go.
  • The implementation visibly relies on sequence storage.
  • No explicit loop blocks detected.

Complexity

Count the number and nesting of passes over the input, then include the maintained containers in the memory estimate.

Check the problem constraints before deciding whether this complexity will pass.

Source

Code and credit

This code comes from EndlessCheng Codeforces Go by Σndless (EndlessCheng) and is used under the MIT licence.

Open problem ↗Original source ↗
Full codeCodeforces 196E — Opening Portals · GoGo
Use this to learn the idea, then write your own version.
package main import (	"container/heap"	. "fmt"	"io"	"slices") // https://github.com/EndlessChengfunc cf196E(in io.Reader, out io.Writer) {	var n, m, k, v, w, wt int	Fscan(in, &n, &m)	type nb struct{ to, wt int }	g := make([][]nb, n)	type edge struct{ v, w, wt int }	es := make([]edge, m)	for i := range m {		Fscan(in, &v, &w, &wt)		v--		w--		g[v] = append(g[v], nb{w, wt})		g[w] = append(g[w], nb{v, wt})		es[i] = edge{v, w, wt}	} 	dis := make([]int, n)	from := make([]int, n)	for i := range dis {		dis[i] = 1e18		from[i] = i	}	Fscan(in, &k)	h := make(hp96, k)	for i := range k {		Fscan(in, &v)		v--		dis[v] = 0		h[i].v = v	}	for len(h) > 0 {		p := heap.Pop(&h).(pair96)		v := p.v		d := p.d		if d > dis[v] {			continue		}		for _, e := range g[v] {			w := e.to			newD := d + e.wt			if newD < dis[w] {				dis[w] = newD				from[w] = from[v] // 易错点				heap.Push(&h, pair96{newD, w})			}		}	} 	ans := dis[0]	for i, e := range es {		es[i].wt += dis[e.v] + dis[e.w]	}	slices.SortFunc(es, func(a, b edge) int { return a.wt - b.wt }) 	fa := dis	for i := range fa {		fa[i] = i	}	find := func(x int) int {		rt := x		for fa[rt] != rt {			rt = fa[rt]		}		for fa[x] != rt {			fa[x], x = rt, fa[x]		}		return rt	} 	for _, e := range es {		v := find(from[e.v])		w := find(from[e.w])		if v != w {			ans += e.wt			fa[v] = w		}	}	Fprint(out, ans)} //func main() { cf196E(bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin), os.Stdout) }type pair96 struct{ d, v int }type hp96 []pair96func (h hp96) Len() int           { return len(h) }func (h hp96) Less(i, j int) bool { return h[i].d < h[j].d }func (h hp96) Swap(i, j int)      { h[i], h[j] = h[j], h[i] }func (h *hp96) Push(v any)        { *h = append(*h, v.(pair96)) }func (h *hp96) Pop() (v any)      { a := *h; *h, v = a[:len(a)-1], a[len(a)-1]; return }

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