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Problem solution · Go

Codeforces 446C — DZY Loves Fibonacci Numbers

Codeforces 446C — DZY Loves Fibonacci Numbers: a Go solution using direct simulation. Learn the idea, check the complexity, and read the full code, with credit to EndlessCheng Codeforces Go.

Technique
Direct simulation
Source
EndlessCheng Codeforces Go
Length
116 lines
Start with the idea.

Try the problem first. If you get stuck, read the approach below, then write your own solution. The full code is at the bottom.

Approach

Direct simulation

For Codeforces 446C — DZY Loves Fibonacci Numbers, the implementation follows the problem’s operations directly while maintaining only the state needed for the next decision.

  1. Translate each rule into one explicit state update.
  2. Maintain the invariant after every processed item.
  3. Return the accumulated state once all relevant input has been handled.

Code notes

  • 116 lines of Go from the credited upstream file 446C.go.
  • The implementation visibly relies on sequence storage.
  • No explicit loop blocks detected.

Complexity

Count the number and nesting of passes over the input, then include the maintained containers in the memory estimate.

Check the problem constraints before deciding whether this complexity will pass.

Source

Code and credit

This code comes from EndlessCheng Codeforces Go by Σndless (EndlessCheng) and is used under the MIT licence.

Open problem ↗Original source ↗
Full codeCodeforces 446C — DZY Loves Fibonacci Numbers · GoGo
Use this to learn the idea, then write your own version.
package main import (	"bufio"	. "fmt"	"io"	"math/bits") // https://github.com/EndlessChengconst mod46 = 1_000_000_009 var fib46 []int type pair46 struct{ s, t int } type seg46 []struct {	l, r, sum int	todo      pair46} func (t seg46) apply(o int, f pair46) {	cur := &t[o]	sz := cur.r - cur.l + 1	cur.sum = (cur.sum + fib46[sz]*f.s + (fib46[sz+1]-1)*f.t) % mod46	cur.todo.s = (cur.todo.s + f.s) % mod46	cur.todo.t = (cur.todo.t + f.t) % mod46} func (t seg46) maintain(o int) {	t[o].sum = (t[o<<1].sum + t[o<<1|1].sum) % mod46 // 这个取模是多余的} func (t seg46) spread(o int) {	f := t[o].todo	if f == (pair46{}) {		return	}	t.apply(o<<1, f)	lsz := t[o<<1].r - t[o<<1].l + 1	// 注意这里会用到 fib[0]	t.apply(o<<1|1, pair46{(fib46[lsz-1]*f.s + fib46[lsz]*f.t) % mod46, (fib46[lsz]*f.s + fib46[lsz+1]*f.t) % mod46})	t[o].todo = pair46{}} func (t seg46) build(in io.Reader, o, l, r int) {	t[o].l, t[o].r = l, r	if l == r {		Fscan(in, &t[o].sum)		return	}	m := (l + r) >> 1	t.build(in, o<<1, l, m)	t.build(in, o<<1|1, m+1, r)	t.maintain(o)} func (t seg46) update(o, l, r int) {	if l <= t[o].l && t[o].r <= r {		t.apply(o, pair46{fib46[t[o].l-l+1], fib46[t[o].l-l+2]})		return	}	t.spread(o)	m := (t[o].l + t[o].r) >> 1	if l <= m {		t.update(o<<1, l, r)	}	if m < r {		t.update(o<<1|1, l, r)	}	t.maintain(o)} func (t seg46) query(o, l, r int) int {	if l <= t[o].l && t[o].r <= r {		return t[o].sum	}	t.spread(o)	m := (t[o].l + t[o].r) >> 1	if r <= m {		return t.query(o<<1, l, r)	}	if l > m {		return t.query(o<<1|1, l, r)	}	return t.query(o<<1, l, r) + t.query(o<<1|1, l, r)} func cf446C(in io.Reader, _w io.Writer) {	out := bufio.NewWriter(_w)	defer out.Flush()	var n, m, op, l, r int	Fscan(in, &n, &m)	fib46 = make([]int, n+2)	fib46[1] = 1	for i := 2; i < len(fib46); i++ {		fib46[i] = (fib46[i-1] + fib46[i-2]) % mod46	} 	t := make(seg46, 2<<bits.Len(uint(n-1)))	t.build(in, 1, 0, n-1) 	for range m {		Fscan(in, &op, &l, &r)		l--		r--		if op == 1 {			t.update(1, l, r)		} else {			Fprintln(out, t.query(1, l, r)%mod46)		}	}} //func main() { cf446C(bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin), os.Stdout) }

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