Problem solution · Python

ABC294 D — Bank

ABC294 D — Bank: a Python solution using breadth-first search. Learn the idea, check the complexity, and read the full code, with credit to KATO-Hiro AtCoder Solutions.

Technique
Breadth-first search
Source
KATO-Hiro AtCoder Solutions
Length
206 lines
Start with the idea.

Try the problem first. If you get stuck, read the approach below, then write your own solution. The full code is at the bottom.

Approach

Breadth-first search

For ABC294 D — Bank, the implementation explores reachable states in layers, which is the standard shape for unweighted shortest paths and minimum-step transitions.

  1. Model each valid configuration as a state and each legal move as an edge.
  2. Seed the queue with the starting state and mark it immediately.
  3. Expand each state once, recording distance or reachability for unseen neighbours.

Code notes

  • 206 lines of Python from the credited upstream file abc294_d.py.
  • The implementation visibly relies on sequence storage, ordered lookup, work queue.
  • No explicit loop blocks detected.

Complexity

Verify that each state and transition is processed only a bounded number of times; that determines the traversal cost.

Check the problem constraints before deciding whether this complexity will pass.

Source

Code and credit

This code comes from KATO-Hiro AtCoder Solutions by KATO-Hiro and is used under the CC0-1.0 licence.

Full codeABC294 D — Bank · PythonPython
Use this to learn the idea, then write your own version.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  import mathfrom bisect import bisect_left, bisect_rightfrom typing import Generic, Iterable, Iterator, TypeVar, Union, List T = TypeVar('T')  class SortedSet(Generic[T]):    """Sorted set (set) in C++.    See:    https://qiita.com/tatyam/items/492c70ac4c955c055602    https://github.com/tatyam-prime/SortedSet/blob/main/SortedSet.py    """     BUCKET_RATIO = 50    REBUILD_RATIO = 170     def _build(self, a=None) -> None:        "Evenly divide `a` into buckets."        if a is None:            a = list(self)         size = self.size = len(a)        bucket_size = int(math.ceil(math.sqrt(size / self.BUCKET_RATIO)))        self.a = [a[size * i // bucket_size: size * (i + 1) // bucket_size] for i in range(bucket_size)]     def __init__(self, a: Iterable[T] = []) -> None:        """Make a new SortedSet from iterable.            / O(N) if sorted and unique / O(N log N)        """        a = list(a)         if not all(a[i] < a[i + 1] for i in range(len(a) - 1)):   # type: ignore            a = sorted(set(a))  # type: ignore         self._build(a)     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[T]:        for i in self.a:            for j in i:                yield j  # type: ignore     def __reversed__(self) -> Iterator[T]:        for i in reversed(self.a):            for j in reversed(i):                yield j     def __len__(self) -> int:        return self.size     def __repr__(self) -> str:        return "SortedSet" + str(self.a)     def __str__(self) -> str:        s = str(list(self))        return "{" + s[1: len(s) - 1] + "}"     def _find_bucket(self, x: T) -> List[T]:        "Find the bucket which should contain x. self must not be empty."        for a in self.a:            if x <= a[-1]:   # type: ignore                return a        return a     def __contains__(self, x: T) -> bool:        if self.size == 0:            return False         a = self._find_bucket(x)        i = bisect_left(a, x)  # type: ignore         return i != len(a) and a[i] == x     def add(self, x: T) -> bool:        "Add an element and return True if added. / O(√N)"        if self.size == 0:            self.a = [[x]]            self.size = 1            return True         a = self._find_bucket(x)        i = bisect_left(a, x)  # type: ignore         if i != len(a) and a[i] == x:            return False         a.insert(i, x)        self.size += 1         if len(a) > len(self.a) * self.REBUILD_RATIO:            self._build()         return True     def discard(self, x: T) -> bool:        "Remove an element and return True if removed. / O(√N)"        if self.size == 0:            return False         a = self._find_bucket(x)        i = bisect_left(a, x)  # type: ignore         if i == len(a) or a[i] != x:            return False         a.pop(i)        self.size -= 1         if len(a) == 0:            self._build()        return True     def lt(self, x: T) -> Union[T, None]:        "Find the largest element < x, or None if it doesn't exist."        for a in reversed(self.a):            if a[0] < x:  # type: ignore                return a[bisect_left(a, x) - 1]  # type: ignore        return None     def le(self, x: T) -> Union[T, None]:        "Find the largest element <= x, or None if it doesn't exist."        for a in reversed(self.a):            if a[0] <= x:  # type: ignore                return a[bisect_right(a, x) - 1]  # type: ignore        return None     def gt(self, x: T) -> Union[T, None]:        "Find the smallest element > x, or None if it doesn't exist."        for a in self.a:            if a[-1] > x:  # type: ignore                return a[bisect_right(a, x)]  # type: ignore        return None     def ge(self, x: T) -> Union[T, None]:        "Find the smallest element >= x, or None if it doesn't exist."        for a in self.a:            if a[-1] >= x:   # type: ignore                return a[bisect_left(a, x)]  # type: ignore        return None     def __getitem__(self, x: int) -> T:        "Return the x-th element, or IndexError if it doesn't exist."        if x < 0:            x += self.size        if x < 0:            raise IndexError         for a in self.a:            if x < len(a):                return a[x]  # type: ignore             x -= len(a)        raise IndexError     def index(self, x: T) -> int:        "Count the number of elements < x."        ans = 0         for a in self.a:            if a[-1] >= x:  # type: ignore                return ans + bisect_left(a, x)  # type: ignore            ans += len(a)        return ans     def index_right(self, x: T) -> int:        "Count the number of elements <= x."        ans = 0         for a in self.a:            if a[-1] > x:  # type: ignore                return ans + bisect_right(a, x)  # type: ignore            ans += len(a)        return ans  def main():    from collections import deque    import sys     input = sys.stdin.readline     n, q = map(int, input().split())    d = deque([i for i in range(1, n + 1)])    s = SortedSet()    ans = list()     for _ in range(q):        qi = list(map(int, input().split()))         if qi[0] == 1:            di = d.popleft()            s.add(di)        elif qi[0] == 2:            s.discard(qi[1])        else:            ans.append(s[0])        print(*ans, sep="\n")     if __name__ == "__main__":    main() 

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