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Problem solution · Java

Concatenated Divisibility

Concatenated Divisibility: a Java solution using dynamic programming. Learn the idea, check the complexity, and read the full code, with credit to walkccc LeetCode Solutions.

Technique
Dynamic programming
Source
walkccc LeetCode Solutions
Length
52 lines
Start with the idea.

Try the problem first. If you get stuck, read the approach below, then write your own solution. The full code is at the bottom.

Approach

Dynamic programming

For Concatenated Divisibility, the implementation records answers for smaller states and reuses them to build the requested result without repeating work.

  1. Define precisely what one DP state represents.
  2. Establish the base cases before transitions are evaluated.
  3. Process states in dependency order and combine only already-known values.

Code notes

  • 52 lines of Java from the credited upstream file 3533.java.
  • The implementation visibly relies on sequence storage, cached states.
  • 3 loop blocks detected.

Complexity

Multiply the number of reachable states by the work performed for each transition, then include the stored state table in memory usage.

Check the problem constraints before deciding whether this complexity will pass.

Source

Code and credit

This code comes from walkccc LeetCode Solutions by P.-Y. Chen (walkccc) and is used under the MIT licence.

Open problem ↗Original source ↗
Full codeConcatenated Divisibility · JavaJava
Use this to learn the idea, then write your own version.
class Solution {  public int[] concatenatedDivisibility(int[] nums, int k) {    final int n = nums.length;    int[] lengths = new int[n];    int[] pows = new int[n];     Arrays.sort(nums);     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {      lengths[i] = String.valueOf(nums[i]).length();      pows[i] = (int) Math.pow(10, lengths[i]) % k;    }     Integer[][] mem = new Integer[1 << n][k];    return dp(nums, pows, mem, k, 0, 0) ? reconstruct(nums, pows, mem, k, 0, 0) : new int[0];  }   // Returns true if there is a way to form a number divisible by `k` using the  // numbers in `nums`, where nums[i] is used iff `mask & (1 << i)`.  private boolean dp(int[] nums, int[] pows, Integer[][] mem, int k, int mask, int mod) {    if (mem[mask][mod] != null)      return mem[mask][mod] == 1;    if (mask == (1 << nums.length) - 1)      return (mem[mask][mod] = mod == 0 ? 1 : 0) == 1;    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i)      if ((mask >> i & 1) == 0) {        final int newMod = (mod * pows[i] + nums[i]) % k;        if (dp(nums, pows, mem, k, mask | 1 << i, newMod))          return (mem[mask][mod] = 1) == 1;      }    return (mem[mask][mod] = 0) == 1;  }   // Reconstructs the numbers that form a number divisible by `k` using the  // numbers in `nums`, where nums[i] is used iff `mask & (1 << i)`.  private int[] reconstruct(int[] nums, int[] pows, Integer[][] mem, int k, int mask, int mod) {    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i)      if ((mask >> i & 1) == 0) {        final int newMod = (mod * pows[i] + nums[i]) % k;        if (dp(nums, pows, mem, k, mask | 1 << i, newMod)) {          int[] first = new int[] {nums[i]};          int[] rest = reconstruct(nums, pows, mem, k, mask | 1 << i, newMod);          int[] res = new int[first.length + rest.length];          System.arraycopy(first, 0, res, 0, first.length);          System.arraycopy(rest, 0, res, first.length, rest.length);          return res;        }      }    return new int[0];  }}

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