Problem solution · Python

Verbal Arithmetic Puzzle

Verbal Arithmetic Puzzle: a Python solution using depth-first search. Learn the idea, check the complexity, and read the full code, with credit to walkccc LeetCode Solutions.

Technique
Depth-first search
Source
walkccc LeetCode Solutions
Length
39 lines
Start with the idea.

Try the problem first. If you get stuck, read the approach below, then write your own solution. The full code is at the bottom.

Approach

Depth-first search

For Verbal Arithmetic Puzzle, the implementation follows one branch at a time, making it suitable for components, trees, backtracking, or dependency exploration.

  1. Define the state carried into one recursive or stack frame.
  2. Mark or choose the current state before exploring children.
  3. Combine child results or undo the choice when the branch finishes.

Code notes

  • 39 lines of Python from the credited upstream file 1307.py.
  • The implementation visibly relies on sequence storage, ordered lookup.
  • No explicit loop blocks detected, together with recursive traversal.

Complexity

Count unique states for graph traversal; for backtracking, count the branching factor and maximum depth.

Check the problem constraints before deciding whether this complexity will pass.

Source

Code and credit

This code comes from walkccc LeetCode Solutions by P.-Y. Chen (walkccc) and is used under the MIT licence.

Full codeVerbal Arithmetic Puzzle · PythonPython
Use this to learn the idea, then write your own version.
class Solution:  def isSolvable(self, words: list[str], result: str) -> bool:    words.append(result)    rows = len(words)    cols = max(map(len, words))    letterToDigit = {}    usedDigit = [False] * 10     def dfs(row: int, col: int, summ: int) -> bool:      if col == cols:        return summ == 0      if row == rows:        return summ % 10 == 0 and dfs(0, col + 1, summ // 10)       word = words[row]      if col >= len(word):        return dfs(row + 1, col, summ)       letter = word[~col]      sign = -1 if row == rows - 1 else 1       if letter in letterToDigit and (              letterToDigit[letter] > 0 or col < len(word) - 1):        return dfs(row + 1, col, summ + sign * letterToDigit[letter])       for digit, used in enumerate(usedDigit):        if not used and (digit > 0 or col < len(word) - 1):          letterToDigit[letter] = digit          usedDigit[digit] = True          if dfs(row + 1, col, summ + sign * digit):            return True          usedDigit[digit] = False          if letter in letterToDigit:            del letterToDigit[letter]       return False     return dfs(0, 0, 0) 

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